1. Computer Aided Dispatch Definition
2. What Is Computer Aided Dispatch
3. Computer Aided Dispatch Software Public Safety

Computer-aided dispatch (CAD), also called computer-assisted dispatch, is a method of dispatching taxicabs, couriers, field service technicians, mass transit vehicles or emergency services assisted by computer. It can either be used to send messages to the dispatchee via a mobile data terminal (MDT) and/or used to store and retrieve data (i.e. radio logs, field interviews, client information, schedules, etc.). A dispatcher may announce the call details to field units over a two-way radio. Some systems communicate using a two-way radio system's selective calling features. CAD systems may send text messages with call-for-service details to alphanumeric pagers or wireless telephony text services like SMS. The central idea is that persons in a dispatch center are able to easily view and understand the status of all units being dispatched. CAD provides displays and tools so that the dispatcher has an opportunity to handle calls-for-service as efficiently as possible.

RescueNet Dispatch, ZOLL's computer aided dispatch software, makes your entire operation more efficient. With its high-performance features and smart technology, RescueNet Dispatch software helps you streamline call-taking and dispatch while reducing response times. AIM’s Online EMS Dispatch software is designed to automatically walk call takers and dispatchers through the natural progression of an ambulance call. The automated workflow shortens the learning curve, reduces training costs, and builds confidence among new and seasoned dispatchers. Computer-aided dispatch (CAD), also called computer-assisted dispatch, is a method of dispatching taxicabs, couriers, field service technicians, mass transit vehicles or emergency services assisted by computer. It can either be used to send messages to the dispatchee via a mobile data terminal (MDT) and/or used to store and retrieve data (i.e. Radio logs, field interviews, client information.

CAD typically consists of a suite of software packages used to initiate public safety calls for service, dispatch, and maintain the status of responding resources in the field. It is generally used by emergency communications dispatchers, call-takers, and 911 operators in centralized, public-safety call centers, as well as by field personnel utilizing mobile data terminals (MDTs) or mobile data computers (MDCs).

CAD systems consist of several modules that provide services at multiple levels in a dispatch center and in the field of public safety. These services include call input, call dispatching, call status maintenance, event notes, field unit status and tracking, and call resolution and disposition. CAD systems also include interfaces that permit the software to provide services to dispatchers, calltakers, and field personnel with respect to control and use of analog radio and telephone equipment, as well as logger-recorder functions.

• 3Service levels and geographic information
• 8References

Methodology[edit]

Computer-assisted dispatch systems use one or more servers located in a central dispatch office, which communicate with computer terminals in a communications center or with mobile data terminals installed in vehicles. There are a multitude of CAD programs that suit different department needs, but the fundamentals of each system are the same. They include:

• Log on/off times of police personnel (sworn/non-sworn)
• Generating and archiving incidents that begin with a phone call from a citizen or originate from personnel in the field
• Assigning field personnel to incidents
• Updating Incidents and logging those updates
• Generating case numbers for incidents that require an investigation
• Timestamping every action taken by the dispatcher at the terminal

In an ideal setting, a call is received by a call-taker and information about the call is inputted into the CAD template. Simply, location, reporting party and incident are the main fields that have to be populated by type-codes. For example, if there was a burglary in progress, the type-code for that incident could be 'BURG'; when BURG is typed out, then the program will spell out 'BURGLARY (in progress)'. If the location was at the 1400 block of Madison, the type-code could be '14MAD.' The reporting party information would be populated by the call-taker including last name, first name, call-back number, etc.

A typical CAD printout looks something like this based on the example above:

Again, granted as it can be seen that the fields are spelled out, the call-taker uses those abbreviations that are already predetermined in order to quickly gather and transmit the information.

The dispatcher then receives the call from the call-taker and is able dispatch the call to those available. The dispatcher's screen would show the available personnel that are dispatchable. A typical setting can be exemplified by this:

Everything that is gathered, dispatched and disposed is usually stored in a central server in which the type codes reside, or possibly another server. All of these calls which have incident numbers attached to them can be recalled by an internal search engine. For example, a request for a printout of all calls to Madison in the past hour could be gathered by querying the CAD program by location:

CAD can be used in a multitude of ways, whether it is for radio logs, call logs or statistical analysis.

Consoles[edit]

Typical of local government dispatching facilities, the Denver RTD's facility is one example of a transit dispatch center. Communications consoles are mounted in desk-style electronics racks. Features include multi-line telephones. Modern facilities usually include a variety of computing systems for operational and administrative purposes.

Consoles serve as a human interface and connect to push-to-talk dispatch radio systems. Audio from all channels is processed through audio level compression circuits and is routed to two separate speakers identified as select and unselect. Each has a volume control. The select channel or channels carry the highest priority communications. To prevent missed messages on critical channels, the select volume may be configured so it cannot be set to an inaudible level. Unselect channels may be used for special events, other agencies, or purposes that do not involve dispatch and may be inaudible. By pressing a button, any channel on the console can be toggled between select and unselect status. Each channel has an independent push-to-talk button, allowing the dispatcher to talk over one channel at a time. For broadcast messages, a single button transmits over all selected channels at the same time. A digital clock and an LED bar-graph or VU meter are included.

Each channel has a label identifying it and indicator lights and buttons to control settings. A typical channel has a busy light, a call light, select light, select button, and a transmit button. The steady, red busy light indicates another dispatch position is transmitting on the channel. The flashing yellow call light indicates a field unit is talking on the channel. The call light usually blinks for several seconds after a transmission ends allowing a busy dispatcher to look up from a telephone call and determine which channel the last message came from.

Some console dispatch panels are actually a PC-based application. Such is the case of Zetron's Acom system and Avtec's Scout system. This allows for easy customization and modification of the dispatch key layout.

Service levels and geographic information[edit]

Computerized mapping, automatic vehicle location, automatic number identification and caller-identification technology are often used to enhance the service by pinpointing the locations of both the client and the most suitable vehicle for serving the client.

Some CAD systems allow several sources of information to be combined. For example, adding automatic vehicle location (AVL) and geographic information (GIS) could improve service by getting units to a service call location faster. Ideally, CAD is connected to monitor vehicle locations provided by an AVL system. This information is used to suggest the closest vehicle to an event. How is the closest unit determined?

Basic zone system[edit]

The simplest system is a beat or zone map system. For example, in a community with four fire stations, a grid is overlaid on a community map. Each zone of the grid is identified with a progression of police beats, ambulance zones, transit zones, or fire stations.^[1] One grid might be labeled: AB241. This means fire station 2, then 4, then 1, then 3 would respond to a fire call occurring inside this zone. The predefined order is created by persons with expertise in the service being provided, local geography, traffic, and patterns in calls for service.

Since only basic GIS information is included, if AVL was available, it would simply display service vehicle locations on a map. The closest unit would be interpreted by the dispatcher looking at vehicle locations projected on the map.

Where detailed geographic data are not available, units may be assigned based on the center of a district. To make the computing problem easier, the CAD system may use centroids to evaluate service vehicle locations. Centroids are estimated center points within a zone. The system calculates a distance from a fire station or AVL location to a centroid point. The closest fire station, according to CAD system rules, would be assigned. Systems may use centroids that are not exactly centered in order to skew or weight system decisions. Staff based at a fire station that is physically closer by drawing a straight line on the map may be slower to reach a zone. This can occur because responding units must drive around freeways, lakes, or terrain obstructions in order to reach a zone. A centroid may be moved because 200-car freight trains often block a railroad crossing used to access a particular zone.

This is the cheapest system to develop because it requires the least detailed geographic information and the simplest calculations. Another problem occurs where several services use the same system. Police and transit, for example, may have different ideas about what boundaries define the ideal zone or how centroids should be weighted.

CAD using geocoding[edit]

Geocoding is a translation system allowing addresses to be converted to X- and Y-coordinates. Someone placing a call for service has an address attached to a wired phone number or tells the dispatcher their address. For example, suppose the caller's address is 123 Main Street.

The GIS or CAD system includes a look-up table. The table may identify odd-numbered addresses in the community as being on the north and east sides of streets. Addresses from 113 to 157 Main Street are identified as being along Main Street's center line between Broadway and Washington. 123 is estimated to be on the north side of Main Street somewhere closer to 113 than 157. This estimate produces a latitude and longitude, or a set of Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates. The coordinates are close enough to identify the closest service vehicle. This system may automatically append the name of the nearest cross-street or intersecting street.

Again, the system uses a straight-line distance to determine which service vehicle is closest to a call for service. If an AVL system is used, the CAD system will look through a list of most recent reported vehicle positions. Next, the positions are compared to the service vehicle status. The CAD system may identify several of the closest units that have a status of available. The dispatcher makes an ideal choice from the CAD system shortlist.

This type of system is significantly more expensive than a zone system. The basic system may start with maps from the US Census Bureau or a county assessor's office. The quality of these maps may be good but will not be ideal for dispatching. There would normally be one or more persons on staff who would deal with data changes from new development, new streets, or data quality problems. The person would compile addresses and generate street centerlines in mapping software. Geocoding varies in accuracy depending on data sources and vendors. It normally takes years of work and planning before a system is implemented. Modern geocoded systems will often display service vehicle locations, the location of service calls, and the locations of callers on a map. This helps to disambiguate calls for service and reduces the likelihood of dispatching two reports of a single call for service as two separate calls.

Another problem comes from technologies using differing datums or coordinate systems. For example, suppose your AVL system uses degrees-decimal degrees format. The AVL display for a vehicle at the Heart Butte Post Office in Montana shows a latitude and longitude of 48.28333 N, -112.83583 W. The CAD system uses degrees-minutes-seconds format data and shows the same location as 481700N, 1125009W. How do you translate? This is sometimes a problem with neighboring CAD systems. Ideally, you should be able to send and receive calls to and from CAD systems in neighboring areas. What if the state or provincial government has standardized on a different coordinate system?

Full GIS/AVL integration[edit]

The most expensive and technically challenging systems fully utilize the capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) and automatic vehicle location (AVL). In these systems, the street centerlines are described as routable. In addition to geocoding and accurate street centerlines, intersections have attributes or scores. Can a service vehicle turn left from eastbound Carnegie Street onto northbound Hooligan Boulevard? A scoring system is used to assess the difficulty of making the turn. At one end of the scoring system there might be an interchange where service vehicles had unrestricted access in making the turn. Perhaps both streets are one-way, making it relatively easy to turn from one onto another. In the middle scores, a left turn might be blocked occasionally by heavy traffic, a draw bridge, or street cars. At the most difficult score, the two streets may cross but the lack of any interchange does not allow service vehicles to get from one to the other.

To calculate the closest service vehicles, the CAD system does a network analysis of the road system based on these routable street centerlines. It assesses the path from the service call to the AVL location of available vehicles. The system recommends the service vehicles with the shortest path.

Routable street centerlines take into account differences between northbound and southbound lanes on a freeway or turnpike. For example, to reach a point in the southbound lanes of a turnpike, service vehicles may need to drive north to the next exit then return on the southbound side. The analysis of a routable street network takes this into account so long as the event location is accurately reported. Routable systems account for barriers like lakes by calculating the distance of the driven route rather than a straight-line distance. It is assumed the service vehicle driver knows the shortest path or that all drivers make similar numbers of wrong turns.

Concentration[edit]

CAD systems require support staff with special skills. This can lead to concentration of dispatch facilities, particularly where there is population growth or where automation is required to meet defined service objectives.

Download snk ova sub indo 3gp free. In any system, concentration of facilities increases risks of outages or massive failures. In a system where the call traffic is so high that advanced technology is needed to handle routine levels of day-to-day calls, relatively minor failures can have major effects on service levels. For example, where everyone is used to the convenience of automatic vehicle location (AVL), an AVL outage can suddenly increase staff workloads. Suppose a failure causes a condition where CAD cannot recommend a closest unit. How will the dispatcher efficiently assess which unit to assign?

Data exchange (EDI)[edit]

In public safety systems, standards are under discussion to allow disparate systems to exchange call information. For example, a call taker at the county fire department receives a call for an auto accident inside a city limit. Evolving standards will allow CAD systems to send messages to one another for calls originating outside local jurisdiction. Some entities have arrangements that already support data exchange between systems, but standards aim to make these interconnections more common. Because of auditing trail and fail-safe needs, the problem is more complex than it sounds.^[2]

The usage of EDI applied to CAD is specific to the law enforcement community and should not be confused with Electronic Document Interchange (EDI) standards for eCommerce. Within law enforcement EDI is used as a buzzword to represent all electronic automated messaging.

More mature efforts to interconnect CAD can be found in the standards developed for the Intelligent Transportation Initiatives program of Department of Transportation.^[3] This initiative sponsored the IEEE 1512 series of protocols for emergency management^[4] which provides sophisticated means to coordinate incidents across operations centers using CAD software.

Additional work is occurring under the National Information Exchange Model^[5] to link homeland security with CAD. Also the OASIS international standards body has produced standards^[6] funded in part by the DHS and the disaster management e-gov initiative^[7] to communicate in emergencies.

Other interoperability technologies can bridge disparities between the. Archived from the original on 2008-09-08. Retrieved 2019-07-08.

External links[edit]

The advent of computer-aided dispatch (CAD) allowed EMS to improve response times and communication with the public. Technology continues to improve, making CAD more comprehensive and first responders more effective.

By Megan Wells, EMS1 Contributor

Poor communication between dispatchers, callers and first responders can lead to prolonged patient suffering and preventable deaths in a few tragic cases. While some of these instances are a direct result of unfit 911 dispatchers, others can be mitigated with better technology. Fortunately, new technology is transforming computer-aided dispatch (CAD).

According to Stratistics MRC, the global computer-aided dispatch market is expected to grow to $2.25 billion by 2023. This is up from $980 million in 2016. This growth is driven, in part, by the proliferation of connected devices and increased utilization of CAD.

As communication from dispatchers to callers and first responders is continually improving, features of the new system will also evolve, reaching far beyond their current capabilities.

How the next wave of computer-aided dispatch will improve communication

Typical computer-aided dispatch system functions include resource management, call taking, location verification, dispatching, unit status management and call disposition. New wave technology opens the doors to much more.

Audio analytics software

Audio is typically considered unstructured data, or information that cannot be easily arranged and analyzed. However, as technology continues to improve, analyzing audio for deep learning becomes possible.

For example, when a person speaks on a 911 call, deep learning and audio analytics can detail not only what that person says, but also the person’s emotions.

Advancements in AI technology have already started to pave the way. In Copenhagen, dispatchers are analyzing a caller's words and background clues to understand if a patient is experiencing sudden cardiac arrest.

In the short term, audio analysis allows monitoring of dispatcher compliance to protocols, reduce liability and improve performance. It will also allow an agency or department to search spoken keywords and phrases - like “not breathing right” or “passed out” to quickly find opioid overdose calls based on their content. Additionally, we will be able to use call categorization to quickly determine if seemingly unrelated calls are linked.

Further in the future, this type of audio analysis can create customized training for 911 dispatchers or deeper behavioral science studies of callers, helping to determine whether they are victims, witnesses, patients or perpetrators.

Wearable technology

While single-purpose devices, such as LifeAlert, already exist, it’s reasonable to assume CAD technology will soon be integrated into consumer devices that we use all the time.

For example, Apple recently announced a new walkie-talkie feature for the Apple Watch, which is available with the newest software update. While still in its early stages of development, the idea of walkie-talkies on wearable technology may have use outside of a consumer market.

For public safety, this Apple Watch feature could work as a texting system via voice, or supplement technology like radios or ruggedized laptops. Not to mention, as wearable technology improves, it will be able to eventually integrate with more applications for broader use like access to a patient's medical records, or images of the emergency before getting on scene.

If CAD technology could work with wearable technology, it could encourage more streamlined communication in the field.

Improve response strategy

Current CAD technologies use different data or coordinate systems which can cause inefficiencies. With better technology, we can improve service by getting units to a service call location faster.

Sonalksis All Plugins Bundle VST is a bundle of plug-ins and they are considered as industry’s “best kept secrets”. These plugins are an integral part of music production and are used by the music producers and the sound engineers. Sonalksis Plug-ins. And post houses use our tools on box-office movies. Our plug-ins can even be seen (and heard) live on stages around the globe, and on live broadcasts over the airwaves from various broadcasters. We support 32 bit and 64 bit hosts, and supply plugins in VST and AudioUnit formats. Please note that at this time we do NOT. One of the most neglected areas of stereo mastering, in terms of available products, is professional grade stereo imaging tools. StereoTools is a highly effective tool that encapsulates the complete range of standard stereo manipulation functions, including phase reversing, channel flipping, M/S decoding, balance, pan and width filtering. Sonalksis stereo tools free download.

To identify the most suitable ambulance for a call, current computerized mapping uses a mix of:

• Automatic vehicle location
• Automatic number identification
• Caller-identification technology

New CAD technology can start to incorporate more powerful GIS technology to enhance CAD functionality through advanced analytics and data visualization.

Rather than using network analysis of the road system based on routable streets - which is not always correct - GIS allows departments to access more data to help reanalyze routes, resource allocation and placement.

In one example, Chief Marucci of San Rafael (Calif.) Fire Department wanted to understand if his ladder trucks were located in the correct stations. He also felt emergency response dispatch assignments should be reviewed for efficiency. Through GIS integrations with a CAD system, Marucci was able to use data to analyze his emergency response performance.

As a result of his analysis, Marucci was able to identify that in fact his ladder trucks were not correctly assigned to the appropriate stations. He was able to make changes accordingly, improving response times.

Silent dispatching

As early as 2015, departments began testing silent dispatching, or the automated voice-free communication between dispatchers and first responders.

When Cumberland County tested silent dispatching, they expected the process to cut radio traffic and the data-entry workload by 50 percent. Other 911 call centers tested silent dispatching as a way to decrease nuisance calls. The technology has not caught fire yet.

However as Uber starts rolling out its panic button, an iteration of the silent dispatch, emergency dispatchers may start to find new ways to leverage the technology.

Application integration

Smartphones in today’s tech-friendly world are creating possibilities that, only a few years ago, would have been considered science fiction. Currently, smartphones can be turned into useful tools in the field. For instance, it’s possible to turn a phone into a thermal-imaging tool by plugging a Forward Looking Infrared device into the phone’s USB port.

By combining integrations with CAD records, EMS can start to leverage better predictive and proactive response measures.

More specifically, through integration, ShotSpotter, provides real-time gunshot notifications to law enforcement through the use of pre-deployed sensors across a given area. Through CAD interoperability, law enforcement and EMS can share data, which helps improve response times and establish a proactive EMS strategy. Imagine responding to a scene before a witness or victim has time to call for help.

Drones paired with CAD

Computer-aided drone dispatch is technology of the present, or future, depending on your agency’s current capabilities. Through CAD technology, drones could be dispatched to:

• Surveil the spread of a wildland fire
• Deliver an AED to a residence or business
• Monitor long distances of hazardous terrain
• Provide real-time feedback about scene conditions out of direct line of sight

Computer Aided Dispatch Definition

CAD technology also opens the doors for drone-based technology to be deployed with advanced telemedicine kits for faster response in terrain that is difficult for first responders to navigate.

What Is Computer Aided Dispatch

And while The International Academies of Emergency Dispatch has strict guidelines for how dispatchers communicate with bystanders before an ambulance arrives, Regional Emergency Medical Services Authority (Nev.) is working with them to incorporate drone delivery of an AED to bystanders. Soon, this will be a usable technological advancement.

Computer Aided Dispatch Software Public Safety

Voice assistants

Computer-aided dispatch may soon be a part of smart speakers like Google Home, Amazon Echo, or Apple HomePods.

For example, a smart speaker may be able to assist by providing dispatcher instructions like providing choking or CPR instructions on demand, or reminding a patient to take their medications as part of a community paramedicine program.

Smart speakers may also be used to trigger 911 calls, by monitoring carbon monoxide levels, and calling 911 if levels become hazardous or requesting a wellness check for an elderly resident who hasn’t activated a system in more than 12 hours.

We're excited about the next-generation of technology that will provide responders with a higher level of intelligence. By introducing the best technology available, we can improve the safety and efficiency of our EMS providers.

Thank You!